Design and Development of Solar Roaster for Spice Roasting in Micro and Small-Scale Enterprise

Name of Student: 
Project Type: 
M. Tech Project -II (TD 696)
Sector: 
Livelihood
Abstract: 
Spices play a major role in Indian cooking as ingredient that adds flavor and character to the food. The spices are blend to make spice blends or masalas for different food preparations. The masala making process has three major steps a) roasting, b) blending in proportion (recipe) and c) grinding. The roasting process requires precision heating for imbedding aroma and color. LPG (Liquefied Petroleum Gas) stove is used for precision heating like roasting. The roasting operator uses hand eye coordination to observe color change and rate of stirring to achieve desired degree of roasting along with smell of aroma. India is blessed with average solar radiation of 5.5 kWh/m2 /day in the most of the parts of the country, the use of solar energy for roasting could be one of the ways to reduce fossil fuel consumption. The solar thermal energy has fully been used for boiling type cooking process through generation of steam or hot water. Present research work looks at the possibility of using the solar thermal energy for a roasting in spice industry. Pleasant aroma, attractive color and texture are characteristics of good masala. Presently this is achieved by experienced (skilled) roaster on LPG stove by precision stirring and heat control. The solar roaster wit heat control and automated stirring could be useful product for spice industry. The present research is focused on study of small scale spice industry, study their roasting process and develop a solar based roaster for their roasting needs. The small-scale spice industry field visit revels importance and critically of roasting operation in spice making, the roasting is skilled job and requires a hand eye coordination along with sense of smell to decide with roasting completion criteria. LPG cost in overall product costing is in the range of 5-10%. The critically of roasting process blocks the skilled person (generally owner of small business) and hampers his time spending on other business activity. Concentrated Solar Thermal (CST) technology is used to deliver the desired heat rate at roasting temperature. CST parabolic trough of 2m2 aperture along with evacuated glass tube collector (ETC) is used for configuring the solar roaster. The parabolic trough is mounted with segmented (long strips) glass mirror reflectors to reflect solar radiation at a focal point, at focal point ETC tubes are used to intercept the solar radiation. The ETC tubes wee half filled with roasting material and rotated using a 5W DC electric motor. ii The research work was focused on proving the concept of using configuration of CST parabolic trough with ETC tube for generation temperatures and heat rate for roasting process. First, prototype is developed using various engineering and optics concepts like sizing of parabolas, mirror mounting arrangement etc. the prototype is used for experimenting roasting of various ingredients, The amount of material varied from 300gm to 900 gm depending on bulk density of material. The experimental investigation for roasting various ingredients suggest strong relation of solar radiation and initial moisture content on roasting time, this varies from 10 minutes to 60 minutes. The thermal efficiency of solar roasting process was in the range of 25-57%. The roasting process is also demonstrated to spice roaster.